PEMDAS, commonly known as the order of operations, is a fundamental principle in mathematics that ensures consistency and accuracy in evaluating mathematical expressions. The acronym PEMDAS stands for Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication/Division, and Addition/Subtraction, representing the sequence in which operations should be performed.
Here's how to apply PEMDAS:
- Parentheses: Evaluate expressions within parentheses first. If there are nested parentheses, work from the innermost set outward.
- Exponents: Calculate any exponents or powers next.
- Multiplication/Division: Perform multiplication and division operations from left to right.
- Addition/Subtraction: Lastly, carry out addition and subtraction operations from left to right.
Let's illustrate the application of PEMDAS with the equation (5 + 8)2 × 6 ÷ 3 + 12 - 4
- Parentheses: Evaluate (5 + 8) = 13.
- Exponents: Square the result from step 1: 132 = 169.
- Multiplication/Division: Calculate 169 × 6 = 1014, then divide by 3 = 338.
- Addition/Subtraction: Finally, perform the remaining operations: 338 + 12 - 4 = 346.